How To Use XenServer in a routed IP network

Hetzner is a hosting company in Germany where you can rent dedicated root servers per month. Using their KVM-over-IP setup, it is possible to install operating systems that are not available by default, such as XenServer by Citrix. With the machine, you get four public IP addresses. One of these addresses is given to you when the machine is assigned to you, the other three are assigned to you on request.

There is a problem with the public IP addresses Hetzner gives you. Within the Hetzner network, there is a hard connection between the MAC address of your machine and the IP addresses you have been given. This is a problem for virtual machines that are bridged onto the network by the host machine. These virtual machines have their own MAC address and the Hetzner network will drop packets from these unknown MAC addresses.

There is a solution to this problem: have the host machine route IP packets from the virtual machines to the network and vice versa. We will use the following addresses in the example below:

IP addresses 188.40.109.204 (host), 188.40.109.250 (VM)
Netmask 255.255.255.192
Gateway 188.40.109.193 (host)
DNS 213.133.100.100

We start with the configuration of the host machine (running XenServer). The first file is the configuration file of eth0: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

XEMANAGED=yes
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=no
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=40:61:86:be:ce:88 (replace with MAC address of host)
BRIDGE=xenbr0

Notice that this file does not contain any IP configuration. The second file is the configuration file of xenbr0: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-xenbr0

XEMANAGED=yes
DEVICE=xenbr0
ONBOOT=no
TYPE=Bridge
DELAY=0
STP=off
PIFDEV=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=188.40.109.204 (replace with IP address of host)
NETMASK=255.255.255.192
GATEWAY=188.40.109.193 (replace with gateway of host)
DNS1=213.133.100.100
DNS2=213.133.99.99
DNS3=213.133.98.98

Now we need to enable IP forwarding on the host machine. We start with the sysctl configuration file: /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.send_redirects=0
net.ipv4.conf.xenbr0.send_redirects=0

The first line tells the machine to perform IP forwarding. The four lines after that tell the machine to disable sending ICMP redirects. The last file we need to edit is the firewall configuration file: /etc/sysconfig/iptables. Add this text below the line -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT:

-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i xenbr0 -o xenbr0 -j ACCEPT

Now reboot the machine and continue with the IP configuration of the virtual machine running on XenServer. There is only one file we need to edit here, which is the configuration file of eth0: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
HWADDR=8e:35:1e:3b:12:aa (replace with MAC address of VM)
IPADDR=188.40.109.250 (replace with IP address of VM)
NETMASK=255.255.255.192
GATEWAY=188.40.109.204 (replace with IP address of host)

The gateway in this configuration is crucial: it needs to be the IP address of the host itself, not the gateway of the host.

Source:-http://www.jansipke.nl
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The Sun JDK can be installed on Ubuntu by adding a repository and installing with apt-get. The following works with the latest versions of both at the time of writing:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk

Just accept the license and off you go!

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XenServer supports a lot of Linux and Windows operating systems out of the box, but Ubuntu isn’t one of them. This means that running Ubuntu is slower, because it uses HVM (hardware-assisted virtualisation) instead of PV (paravirtualization). This article will explain how to create a paravirtualized Ubuntu 10.04 VM with the XenServer Tools installed. Many thanks go to the author of the article Ubuntu 10.04 LTS paravirtualised on Citrix XenServer.

We start with creating and installing a VM with HVM.

  • Create a VM from the Other install media template, making sure that the name does not contain spaces
  • Attach the Ubuntu 10.04 ISO to the DVD drive of the VM
  • Start the VM
  • At the disk partitioning stage make sure to replace Ext4 with Ext3, or create a specific boot partition with Ext3
  • Select at least the OpenSSH server package to be able to log in to the VM remotely
  • Finish installation and boot the VM

We now create a new console and edit the boot settings.

  • Connect to the VM using SSH
  • Create a new console for Xen
sudo cp /etc/init/tty1.conf /etc/init/hvc0.conf
sudo vi /etc/init/hvc0.conf
  • Replace all occurrences of tty1 with hvc0
  • Read /boot/grub/grub.cfg
sudo vi /boot/grub/grub.cfg
  • Copy the contents of menuentry near the bottom to a temporary text file, to be used as input for the makepv.sh script that we will use later on
menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 2.6.32-21-server' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
recordfail
insmod ext2
set root='(hd0,1)'
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 02899ea9-1876-4e7b-8ef8-2b09b598cedb
linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-server root=UUID=02899ea9-1876-4e7b-8ef8-2b09b598cedb ro quiet
initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-21-server
}
  • Shutdown the VM

We now convert the VM to PV.

  • Connect to the XenServer host with SSH
  • Copy the makepv.sh script (download from here) to the XenServer host and make it executable
chmod +x makepv.sh
  • Run the makepv.sh script, replacing my-vm-name with the actual name of your VM
makepv.sh my-vm-name

Finally we install the XenServer tools.

  • In XenCenter, mount xs-tools.iso on the DVD drive of the VM
  • Boot the VM and log in with SSH
  • Mount xs-tools.iso and install the correct XenServer Tools package, replacing amd64 with i386 if necessary
sudo mount /dev/cdrom1 /mnt
sudo dpkg -i /mnt/Linux/xe-guest-utilities_5.5.0-466_amd64.deb
  • Reboot the VM and log in with SSH
  • Make sure the services run at boot time
sudo update-rc.d -f xe-linux-distribution remove
sudo update-rc.d xe-linux-distribution defaults
  • Reboot the VM for the last time
  • Restart XenCenter to be able to log in to the console of the VM
Source:-http://www.jansipke.nl
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Automated scp on Linux

Scenario

You would like to automate the export of SQL dump files from one Linux server to another using scp. These dump files are to be generated and exported once every two weeks. You also wish to archive these dump files on the source server.

So let’s say the servers and directories are as follows:

Source

Hostname: perak
Username: nazham
Dump file directory: /home/nazham/data_export/current
Archive directory: /home/nazham/data_export/archive/yyyymmdd

Target

Hostname: selangor
Username: romantika
Target directory: /home/romantika/data_import

Passwordless scp

First you need to set it up so that you don’t need to enter a password for scp. The overall picture is as follows:

1. At the source server, generate a pair of public and private keys [1] using RSA.
2. Store the private key in a specific place in the source server.
3. Store the public key in a specific place in the destination server.
4. And that’s it! Now you’ll no longer be prompted for a password when using scp.

One-off steps

# login to perak with username nazham
ssh-keygen -t rsa

# choose default location, no passphrase - just press enter at all prompts
scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub romantika@selangor:/home/romantika/.ssh/authorized_keys

# I'm assuming the file authorized_keys does not exist!

# otherwise, you need to append the contents of id_rsa.pub to it.
crontab -e

# add the following:

# 1 0 1,15 * * nazham /home/nazham/run_data_export >> /dev/null 2>&1

# which means, run at 12:01 am every 1st and 15th of the month
mkdir ~/data_export
mkdir ~/data_export/current
mkdir ~/data_export/archive

The run_data_export script

todaysDate=`date +%Y%m%d`
oldDate=`date -d '1 year ago' +%Y%m%d`

exportDir=data_export
mysqldump -u username -ppassword -r ~/$exportDir/current/filename dbname tablenames
echo $todaysDate > ~/$exportDir/current/importdate.txt
scp ~/$exportDir/current/* romantika@selangor:/home/romantika/data_import
mkdir ~/$exportDir/archive/$todaysDate
rm ~/$exportDir/current/importdate.txt
mv ~/$exportDir/current/* ~/$exportDir/archive/$todaysDate
if [ -d ~/$exportDir/archive/$oldDate ]; then rm -r ~/$exportDir/archive/$oldDate; fi

The Linux date command

I’m very impressed by the Linux date command. This might be old news to some, but the fact that I’m able to say date -d '1 year ago' or date -d '30 days ago' completely blows the mind.

Notes

[1] From Pass on Passwords with scp: “If you’re not familiar with public key cryptography, here’s the 15-second explanation. In public key cryptography, you generate a pair of mathematically related keys, one public and one private. You then give your public key to anyone and everyone in the world, but you never ever give out your private key. The magic is in the mathematical makeup of the keys; anyone with your public key can use it to encrypt a message, but only you can decrypt it with your private key.
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How to execute chm files in linux

download the following rpms on ur pc:-

http://dag.wieers.com/packages/chmlib/chmlib-0.35-1.1.fc3.rf.i386.rpm

ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/fedora/7/en/i386/dag/RPMS/wxGTK-2.4.2-5.1.fc3.rf.i386.rpm

http://acmserver.cs.ucr.edu/%7Ensoracco/rpms/xchm-0.9.8-1.i386.rpm

and also install them in the same sequence. using the command:-

rpm -ivh

Note:- i am giving the path of packages for fedora cpre 7. if want for any other os take a look at the following sites.

chmlib:- http://dag.wieers.com/packages/chmlib/

wxGTK:- ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/dag/

xchm: - platform independent for all redhat's.............
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Setting Up Of Microsoft Virtual PC 2007

What is a Virtual Machine?:

Well in case the name doesn't explain it all, its a "fake" computer that is run through your currently running operating system. It is a program that will simulate computer hardware to allow you to run an OS inside another.

In this example I will be using Microsoft Virtual PC 2007
Now from what I understand there are better, faster programs out there
But there is one main thing about this one that appeals to me, and will probably appeal to most of you too... It's FREE

Lastly one of the reasons I'm writing this is, even though its really easy to set up, for some reason it intimidates a lot of people, mostly I feel because people expect it to be much harder than it actually is, so they dont even try.


********************************************************************************
Why would you want a Virtual Machine?:

Well as we all know one of the biggest problems between the operating systems is compatibility. Some programs that can run on XP can't run on Vista, some new Vista programs can't run on XP, while some other programs can only run on/are easier to run on a form of linux. But what if you want to go back and forth between two or more programs that can only run on two different operating systems? This is where a virtual machine comes in. Now for anyone familure with virtual machines, this is obviously not the only use, but probably a pretty
common one.

********************************************************************************

Things you will need:

1. a copy of Windows XP (for this example, in actuallity you can use a wide variety of operating systems)

2. a working computer running one of the above listed operating systems

3. a copy of Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 which you can download here
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/virtualpc/default.mspx


********************************************************************************
Installation:
Ok, that intro stuff was A LOT longer than I thought it was going to be. Its a little funny that I felt it was required to answer all those questions up front for such a simple concept.

1. Go ahead and instal Virtual PC and run it, and then pop in your XP cd.

2. The "New Virtual Machine Wizard" should pop up automatically since this is your first time running it, but if its not go ahead and start it

3. It will say "Welcome to the new Virtual Machine Wizard" blah blah blah...
just hit Next

4. For your first time we're gona go with "Create A Virtual Machine" which is the first option

5. Now you're going to name the Virtual Machine, this is just the name that you will see
whenever you load Virtual PC to help distiguish which machine you are running

6. Next select Windows XP from the drop down menu and hit next

7. Now the automatically allocated memory for Windows XP is 128MB, however if anyone has ever seen Windows XP running on 128MB you know this is probably a stupid decision. So go ahead and click "Adjust the RAM" and make it higher.
Personally i would go with at least 512MB, but more than a gig is probably not needed unless you plan on doing serious work on this virtual machine (also do not allocate all the ram your system has, remember your base operating system still needs resources to run too)

8. Now you should see a screen that is talking about a virtual hard drive.Pretty much what this does is decide how much of your physical hard drive it will dedicate to your new virtual pc.
Once again since this is the first time we're doing this go ahead and hit "A new virtual Hard Drisk" then hit next

9. Now go ahead and select where you're going to save the virtual hard drive file, my suggestion is just leave it as the default. As for the size, thats up to you although I would reccomend at least several gigs, but do know this size
can be changed later

10. Now with your new virtual machine installed, go ahead and hit start

11. Now click CD and click Use Drive D: (or w/e drive your XP cd is in)

12. Restart the Virtual Machine by hittling right_alt+del (simulates
ctrl+alt+del)

13. Boot from the CD, now if you're familure with installing XP this should be a cake walk, its exactally the same

14. If you are not familure with installing XP onto a system by doing this you will not mess up your own system, so go ahead and read through the menus, its pretty simple (one thing though i when it asks to create the partition i would use ntfs, not the quick option) if somehow you mess up (which is pretty hard) just scrap the virtual machine and make a new one

15. Once the installation is complete you will be able to start up your virtual
machine and it will boot into Windows XP!

********************************************************************************
Setting up Virtual Machine Additions:

What these do is allow you to do things like share files between your base OS and your virtual machine, and not have your virtual machine take control of your mouse when using your virtual machine (when you get yours up you'll understand what i mean by that)

1. Click actions
2. click Virtual Machine Additions

Now you should see a screen show up on your virtual machine
Just follow the on screen instructions, just like installing any program on XP.

Now to set up file sharing just hit Edit, Settings, then File Sharing

Select the folders you want to share, and the dirve letter
Now you will see a drive with the designated drive letter in My Computer of your virtual machine that connects you to all the files
Note: if you want this folder to stay forever, you have to click the extra check mark, otherwise this folder will dissappear when you shut down your virtual machine
******************************************************************************

Next I will go through the differences of how to install ubuntu 8.04 on Virtual PC 2007. When I origionally wrote this article I had not tested this method, but since I apparently have no life, and monica asked me to test this upon my first submission of it, I went back and tested it and confirmed that it is working... at 1:33am... god Im sad, well that and my room mate is last minute studying for a test so doesnt want to shut off the lights and I cant sleep... but its mainly the no life thing... but i digress, anyway
The method I used I got from this site

http://arcanecode.wordpress.com/2008/04/24/installing-ubuntu-804-under-microsoft-virtual-pc-2007/

ok, so with credit out of the way, lets get started

1. go ahead and create a new virtual pc just like we did for XP

2. put in the ubuntu cd and boot from it like we did when installing XP

3. select your language

4. Press f4 and go in safe graphics mode, do NOT install directly, this will cause errors, also it might take a while for it to load the next screen also dont worry about the messed up graphics, it will fix itself later

5. double click install and start installing like normal
(if you're not sure how, check out the url above, they go into more detail)

6. when done, dont worry that it doesnt restart on its own, just restart manually

7. next go to the settings, and make sure your network card is mapped to a real network on your computer

8.pick wired network on ubuntu


thats it! you just installed ubuntu!
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#1: Android
I think 2009 is going to see the Android mobile operating system finally showing Apple and the iPhone that there is, indeed, another game in town. So far, we really only have the T-Mobile G1. But waiting in the wings are the Motorola Android phone, the Asus Eee Phone, the OpenMoko GTA02, and an LG Android phone. These are all rumored to be arriving some time in 2009. When they do hit the shelves, things are going to be interesting for the iPhone.

Think about it — an iPhone-like piece of hardware with open source software that anyone can develop for. No more App Store headaches. No more wondering if anyone might ever develop that killer app you need (or waiting for Apple to approve that killer app you need). Add to that the fact that the operating system itself is open, which means when problems arise they will be fixed. Oh, and need I say “copy/paste”? I didn’t think so. 2009 will bring an end to the idea that the iPhone is the only smart phone to own.

#2: GNOME vs. KDE
I think 2009 will finally see GNOME rise above KDE as the better Linux desktop. For a long time, GNOME has been suffocated by the presence of KDE 3.x and with good reason — KDE 3.x was an outstanding desktop. KDE 3.x had everything a good Linux desktop should have: user friendliness, stability, flexibility, eye candy. GNOME was trying too hard to be a bad copy of OS X. With the advent of KDE 4 the tables have turned.

This is not just a situation where KDE 4.x is so bad that GNOME, as bad as it is, is better. GNOME 2.24 is good, really good. GNOME has gone a little ways to restoring its roots and allowing a bit more flexibility with the desktop. But more important, GNOME 2.24 has finally found some solid footing. GNOME is now as stable as KDE 3.x ever was. And now that KDE has obviously decided to go down a much less popular route with KDE 4, it is going to have a hard year. More and more people and distributions will drop KDE in favor of GNOME. I realize there is no going back for KDE, but going forward better bring much more promise than this Linux desktop has shown thus far.

#3: Preinstalled
This has come and this has gone, I know. But HP is now promising to get into the “preinstalling Linux game” and that bodes well for the open source operating system. Add to this the ever-rising tide of netbook sales, and preinstalled Linux sales will begin to show improvement and continue to improve throughout the year. This will not be a flash-in-the pan like we saw with Wal-mart selling desktops preinstalled to unaware consumers. This time around, people will continue to purchase netbooks with a Linux operating system perfectly matched for the purpose. And look out Microsoft — Canonical (the founders/supporters of Ubuntu) is collaborating with AMD on a version of Ubuntu perfectly matched with the ARM processor (the processor common in netbooks.)

#4: Brtfs
Brtfs is the new copy on write file system that is focused on fault tolerance, repair, and administration. This file system offers Linux something that other file systems lack: the ability to scale to the level of larger enterprises. Version 1 of this file system should arrive in 2009, which could mean that by the end of the year, distributions could be shipping with a large-scale, enterprise-ready kernel. This is big news for Linux because it will finally have the tools to overcome the biggest hurdle for enterprise adoption.

#5: OpenGL for the masses
This has been a long time coming. In 2008, NVidia released a version of OpenGL 3.0 driver for FLOSS OpenGL. But Mesa didn’t. Mesa, however, is back and working on a 3.0-compatible release. I am confident that other chip makers will follow suit. This will bring OpenGL to the Linux community in both proprietary and free sources. Along with this, I can see far easier installations of such 3D desktops as Compiz-Fusion. Can you imagine Compiz-Fusion out of the box? On top of that, Linux will have a much easier time working with the newest video technology. Add to this the new drive to move video subsystems to the kernel level using GEM (Graphics Execution Manager) and KMS (Kernel Mode Setting).

#6: The cloud
I am going to preface this with a big “if.” IF cloud computing does finally gain any solid ground, Linux will lead the way. Be it on the server
end or the client end, Linux already has the tools it needs to create solid cloud environments. (It has for a long time.) Linux has always been ahead of Microsoft in this respect. And if the cloud actually develops into the storm the media has been predicting, Linux will reap many benefits. I, for one, am a little hesitant to say that the cloud has arrived. Amazon already has a Linux cloud out of beta.

#7: OpenOffice 3
2009 will see far more deployments, taking a chunk out of the Microsoft Office pie. OpenOffice 3 offers a host of new features that are just right for enterprise adoption. But that is not the real kicker. With the economy as it is, companies are doing everything they can to cut costs. One area of quick and painless cost cutting is office suites. And when the typical end user starts to see how little difference there is between Microsoft Office and OpenOffice, the fire will spread rapidly. One of the issues keeping OpenOffice from the top of the charts is visibility. When people know there is a free alternative to Microsoft Office they will use it.

#8: Enlightenment
This one is a bit niche-y, but I have to address it. I believe that 2009 will see the developers of the Enlightenment desktop finally endorse E17 as stable. If you have followed the Enlightenment window manager (my favorite, by the way), you know that E16 has been the default forever and E17 has been the unstable development branch forever. 2009 will see E17 be listed as stable. However, I hope that E16 goes nowhere. The E16 version of Enlightenment is one of the best holdovers from Linux’ romantic period. I can still say, “This desktop I am using now is the same as it was when I was using back in the day.” So even when E17 becomes stable in 2009, I hope E16 is always around.

#9: Ubuntu
I see two things happening with Ubuntu. The first is that Ubuntu server will finally be adopted as a viable solution for enterprise server needs. The second is that Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) will find its way to the desktop and become the de facto standard of the user-friendly level of Linux operating systems. Ubuntu already has a strong hold on entry-level user installs. With 9.04, Ubuntu will probably deliver the best benchmarking of any desktop Linux ever, as well as the best hardware support. With the possible adoption of EXA acceleration, ATI video cards will see vastly improved support, and wireless/Bluetooth will include a powering-down feature. Ubuntu 9.04 will give Linux a much-needed push onto the desktop in 2009.

#10: Firefox
This one is quickly becoming a no-brainer. Firefox will, in 2009, finally usurp Internet Explorer as King of Browsers. It’s been a long time coming, but the problems Internet Explorer has faced in 2008 will show Firefox reaping the benefits. And I think this time around, it will go well beyond Firefox seeing a jump in usage. Firefox will take the lion’s share of the user base away from Microsoft. Because of this, the ‘net will become a safer place and fewer bugs will be reported. But by the end of the year, Google will release a mass-appeal-ready version of Chrome, which will chip into both Firefox’ and Internet Explorer’s pies. The browser wars will be renewed.
Bright future

I think the trends in 2009 are sure to bring a smile to the faces of the Linux and open source communities
. What do you think? Is 2009 going to finally be the year of Linux? If so, why?
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Speed Up Amarok of Ubuntu Linux

Amarok is a wonderful application for managing and playing your music collection, but the default settings aren't optimized for speed when it comes to large collections of music. The problems are especially noticeable while trying to use the search box.
The problem is that the default embedded database uses sqlite to store the collection information, which doesn't scale quite as well as a dedicated database such as MySQL… so we'll switch to use that instead.


Configuring MySQL for Amarok


These instructions assume that you don't already have MySQL installed. If you are already using it, then just skip the first couple of steps.


Assuming you are using Ubuntu, run this command from a terminal to install the MySQL server and client on your system:


sudo apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server


For security's sake, you should probably set a root password for your MySQL server using this command:


sudo mysqladmin -u root password "mynewpassword"


You can use the "flush privileges" command or just restart MySQL:


sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart


Next we'll use the mysqladmin command to create a database for Amarok to use:


sudo mysqladmin -u root -pMyRootPassword create amarokdb


The final command line step will setup the user account for Amarok in MySQL. Make sure to use a different password here.


mysql -u root -pMyRootPassword


> GRANT ALL ON amarokdb.* TO amarok@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'amarokpassword';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES
;


Configuring Amarok


Open the Amarok configuration dialog via the tools menu and then pick the Collection icon on the left.




Change the drop-down to MySQL, and then enter in your details:


1.Hostname: localhost
2.Database: amarokdb
3.Username: amarok
4.Password: password from step above


Close out of the dialog, and then you'll have to rescan your collection to move everything into MySQL, which might take a little while the first time.


Enjoy the speedy searching!

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Installing MySQL 4.1 Server on Ubuntu is a quick and easy process.

It almost feels like it should be more difficult.

Open a terminal window, and use the following command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server-4.1

If you are running PHP you will also need to install the php module for mysql 4:

sudo apt-get install php4-mysql

To create a new database, use the mysqladmin command:

mysqladmin create

See, it's really easy!
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Reset Your Ubuntu Password from the Live CD

Resetting the Password

You'll want to boot from your Ubuntu Live CD, choosing "Try Ubuntu without any change to your computer" from the boot menu.
Once the system boots, open up a new Terminal window from Applications \ Accessories and then type in the following command:

sudo fdisk -l

This command is used to tell what device name the hard drive is using, which in most cases should be /dev/sda1, but could be different on your system.
Now you'll need to create a directory to mount the hard drive on. Since we're actually booting off the live cd, the directory doesn't really get created anywhere.

sudo mkdir /media/sda1

The next command will mount the hard drive in the /media/sda1 folder.
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/sda1
Now it's time for the command that actually does the magic: chroot. This command is used to open up a shell with a different root directory than the current shell is using, and we'll pass in the folder where we mounted the hard drive.

sudo chroot /media/sda1

Now you should be able to use the passwd command to change your user account's password, and it will be applied to the hard drive since we are using chroot.

passwd geek


Now you should be able to reboot your system and log yourself in with your new password.


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For making a bootable ubuntu flash drive,You'll first need to download
the UNetbootin software and save it somewhere useful,
since there's no installation required, just double-click to run.
I chose to use an already downloaded ISO image of the Ubuntu installation cd,
and then chose my flash drive, and clicked the OK button.

The process will extract the files from the ISO image (or download them), copy them to the flash drive and then install the bootloader. Depending on what you are installing, this really doesn't take very long.




Once the process is completed, you'll be prompted to reboot… which you don't necessarily have to do unless you want to test booting the flash drive on the same machine you are using


Otherwise you can hit the Exit button.


Make Sure the Partition is Active
If you get a boot device error when you try and boot from the flash device, it could be that your partition is not marked as active. What we'll do is use the command line diskpart utility to fix this… if you are in Vista open an administrator mode command prompt by right-clicking and choosing Run as Administrator.
Now you'll need to run this command to figure out the number of your flash drive:
list disk

This will show you the list of drives, and you will use the disk number in the "select disk" command:
select disk 1
select partition 1
active


The "active" command will actually mark the current partition as active, which is why you need to select the disk and then the partition. At this point you should be done.





Booting From the Flash Drive



Now that you are all finished, you can try and boot from the flash drive. Every BIOS is different, but most of them will have a message like "Press F12 for the Boot Menu", which is highly suggested. The boot menu will allow you to select the USB drive as the boot device. (apologies for the simply horrible camera phone screenshots)



Instead of the regular Ubuntu boot menu that you might be used to seeing, you will see the UNetbootin menu, which has essentially the same options.
Stay tuned, we're going to explore even more options for bootable CDs and USB drives that help you repair your computer.

Download UNetbootin from sourceforge.net
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Install GD Support PHP5-GD in Ubuntu

If you have installed a support ticket system with captcha
enabled and everything works well except the captcha images
does not display.

It seems that the GD Graphics Library does not configured
with PHP by default. However Ubuntu comes with package
called php5-gd.

Just type following command to install this module:

$ sudo apt-get install php5-gd

And then restart Apache

$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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If you have dual operating system,one is ubuntu Linux and
another is windows xp and you want to remove Ubuntu Linux
without affecting Windows Xp. Then Here is a tips to do it:-

Just going into XP Control Panel->Administrative Tool->Computer Management,

Use the 'Disk Management' facility and formatting the slave drive would remove Ubuntu completely.

If you find that your Boot Loader is also removed, Then please follow given step below

1.Insert your windows xp Cd in CD drive

2. Restart the PC, boot off the CD

3. start the Recovery console.

4. run 'fixmbr' command to repair it.


For More Information:
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Cyberoam Client for Linux does not come in a executable format like in Windows. But as a zipped file (called a tar ball).

You need to download the client tarball. Put it in a folder.

The Client is available temporarily from this address

http://www.mhowlinux.org/pub/CyberoamLinuxClient.tar.gz

And goto the console or shell (command prompt). Change directory to that folder and unzip the file by giving command

$ tar -zxvf CyberoamLinuxClient.tar.gz

After you unzip it enter the new directory created for Cyberoam Client by the unzipper(tar) and run the Cyberoam Client

$ ./crclient -s


enter the necessary parameters for you isp
and

to login

enter

$ ./crclient -u


Remember you need to be super user to do all this in ubuntu

to become super user
enter

$ su
Password:


Just found a more detailed escription

http://mm.ilug-bom.org.in/pipermail/linuxers/Week-of-Mon-20020408/00461.html
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Below is a guide to compile daimonin an online mmorpg game.


http://www.daimonin.com/ (link to home page)


1. Download daimonin

2. Extract and put the client folder in your home folder

3. Copy and paste the following in a terminal and press enter:

sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2 libsdl-mixer1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2 libsdl-image1.2-dev libphysfs-dev libcurl3-gnutls-dev

5. Copy and paste the following in a terminal and press enter:

cd ~/client/make/linux
6. In the terminal type:

./configure
7. Then

make

8. And finally (without sudo):

make install

You should now have a fully working daimonin client

Just browse to your home folder then open the daimonin-0.9.7 folder then double click/execute the daimonin executable.

You can add a menu entry accordingly.
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Below is a guide to compile daimonin an online mmorpg game.


http://www.daimonin.com/ (link to home page)


1. Download daimonin

2. Extract and put the client folder in your home folder

3. Copy and paste the following in a terminal and press enter:

sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2debian libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2 libsdl-mixer1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2 libsdl-image1.2-dev libphysfs-dev libcurl3-gnutls-dev

5. Copy and paste the following in a terminal and press enter:

cd ~/client/make/linux
6. In the terminal type:

./configure
7. Then

make

8. And finally (without sudo):

make install

You should now have a fully working daimonin client

Just browse to your home folder then open the daimonin-0.9.7 folder then double click/execute the daimonin executable.

You can add a menu entry accordingly.
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Signal Out Of Range Problem In Ubuntu

Hi guys.........

If you have signal out of range problem during startup in Ubuntu....
Then here is a simple steps to correct it........

step 1:open console and type

sudo nano/etc/usplash.conf

and change xres & yres as desired

step 2: Run command in console

sudo dpkg -reconfigure -phigh usplash


After executing above command, your problem will solve..

Enjoy..............
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