Modern computers enable you to install two or more operating systems on a single machine and use those operating systems independently. This configuration is known as dual-boot or multi-boot. The most popular combination of dual-boot system is Microsoft Windows
and Linux operating systems. In order to continue Linux installation on a Windows machine, you are required to create a /boot partition using the free disk space available on your hard drive. You are highly recommended to halt Linux installation process while creating space for the /boot partition. However, it may render your Windows hard drive partition inaccessible and cause serious partition loss. In such circumstances, you need to go for Partition Recovery Software to retrieve inaccessible and lost hard drive partitions.

In order to illustrate this problem, consider the underwritten scenario:

You use a Microsoft Windows installed machine that has two partitions- one boot partition and one data partition. You run the Setup of Linux operating system
to install it on free hard drive space. You abort Linux installation process when it creates /boot partition for the Linux operating system. You boot your computer with Microsoft Windows operating system and find out that your data partitions is not accessible.

Or You are able to access the data partition, but if you use a tool that accesses information of partitions, it displays wrong information about the Windows partitions.

Root of the problem

The problem generally occur

s due to corruption of MBR (Master Boot Record) partition table, when you abort installation process of Linux operating system. Hard drive errors might have been introduced by an interrupted installation of Linux operating system.

Resolution

In order to Recover Partition in such situations, you can try out the below steps:

Remove and recreate the damaged Windows partitions, if you have an updated and valid backup in place. If the backup is not updated or is unavailable, you can opt for third party applications to recover lost or damaged hard drive partitions.

The Partition Recovery Software are suitable for virtually every partition loss situation in Microsoft Windows. They deploy advanced scanning techniques to efficiently handle partition loss and ensure absolute Windows Data Recovery. With simple and rich graphical user interface and non-destructive nature, these applications are totally easy and safe to use.

Author:- k madhav

LILO or LInux LOader is the standard boot loader used for Linux systems. Irrespective of the file system type, it can be placed in boot sector of partition or MBR. When you start the system and LILO loads, it performs a series of steps and displays the word ‘LILO’. With each letter you see on the screen, it implies that it has successfully completed a task. But if LILO fails at some point, you find that the complete word ‘LILO’ is not displayed and hence you can’t boot Linux and access your data. To restore the lost data, you need to use a recent data backup. However, if data backup is not available, invalid or not up-to-date, Linux Data Recovery solutions can be used to extract the lost or inaccessible data. Consider a scenario, you start the Linux system and the boot process halts with three letters ‘LIL’ on the screen. After the occurrence of this issue, you can’t boot the Linux system.

Cause: The above issue occurs if descriptor table is corrupted or damaged. The space on a Linux based hard disk is divided into blocks, which are further organized into block groups. Each of these block groups is described by a group block descriptor. Descriptor table is the index table of these group block descriptors.

Solution:To solve this issue, you need to carry out these methods: You should first verify that disk parameters in BIOS (Basic Input Output System) are correct. Try reformatting the partition and reinstalling LILO. You need to restore the lost data using an updated backup. But if you face some issues with the backup, you can use Linux Recovery applications. If the problem persists, you should run fsck to check and correct any corruption issues. Reformat the hard drive if fsck fails to fix file system problems and restore data from backup. Linux Data Recovery software are robust applications that recover and restore lost data safely. Such software use powerful scanning algorithms to locate missing information. In addition, they provide interactive interface, automated recovery procedures and to-the-point documentation. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the premier Linux Recovery tool. The software comes with advanced features like RAW File Recovery, File Filter, File Mask, Create Image and more. It supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It is compatible with almost all Linux distributions like Gentoo, Turbo Linux, SlackWare, SUSE etc

Author:-ROBIN WATSON

The ext3 file system is a journaled file system which is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It is the default file system for many Linux distributions. The most important file in ext3 file system is journal., hence it is called a journaled file system. A drawback with ext3 file system is that it doesn’t support checksumming while writing to the journal and due to this; the file system gets closer to corruption and yje need of Linux Data Recovery is felt. Checksumming is generally defined as an error detection technique if the file is corrupted.

But the problem is that the ext3 doesn’t support this feature, recovering from corrupt journal can damage all metadata information of file system. The system crash is recoverable if the file system in-use supports journaling. But in ext3, if the mounting options in /etc/fstab don’t include barrier=1 as enabled plus hard drive is performing out-of-order write caching and system gets crashed, ext3 catches risk of corruption. This barrier feature is disabled by default in all of the Linux distributions, except in openSUSE, and so these systems can lose data there is a crash. Also, if user tries to use the mount option for ex3, a warning is issued about barriers is not supported. In such cases also the system gets crashed. In the above conditions the required blocks could be written, if user commits transaction and system crashes, it will reboot. During this, log replays and incomplete disk writing will be carried out with damaged journal information. This results into overwriting of normal data with that of damaged and hence file system corrupts. Data under these conditions can be recovered using Linux Recovery application. A good thing is that the successor of ext3 i.e. ext4 supports journal checksumming. How to go for Linux Data Recovery There are so many applications in market, available as Linux Recovery softwae, which can recover lost data from Linux systems with corrupt file systems. These applications can be used easily without any prior sound technical knowledge. These software are safe for recovering data as they are of read-only design. The Stellar’s Linux Data Recovery Software is the one such powerful application to recover lost data from ext2, ext3 and reiserFS file systems. It has a graphically rich user interface. The software can recover data from most of the Linux distributions like Suse, SlackWare, Turbo Linux, Gentoo, Red Hat, Debian, Sorcerer and others. The application can work in almost all the types of data loss cases.

Author:-GARRY THOMSON

Linux supports file systems like Ext2, Ext3, ReiserFS etc. They follow hierarchical directory structure, where everything starts from a root directory that is represented by ‘/’. The root directory then expands into sub-directories. As compared to Ext2 file system, Ext3 and ReiserFS are less prone to corruption. It is because they both support file system journaling and can replay journal to recover from unexpected crashes. But in cases of severe corruption, you need to use tools like fsck to repair the file system or ultimately format the partition or volume. To restore the lost data, you need to use an updated and valid data backup. But, if data backup itself gives errors or proves incomplete to deliver the required information, Linux Data Recovery tools can come to the rescue to recover your lost data. Consider a scenario, you try to start a Linux system and receive a set of error messages as: “Multiply claimed block” The boot process fails with this error message and you can’t access the data.

Cause: When your system starts and it doesn’t find the file system in good state, it runs fsck check. This error message is returned by fsck check, when it finds the file system inconsistencies. File system can get corrupt because of unexpected shutdown, virus infection, network errors, hardware issues and other similar reasons.

Solution: To solve the ‘Multiply claimed block’ error, you need to follow these steps: You need to manually run the fsck command. It can repair file system consistencies like the ones that occur when file system is unmounted or mounted as read-only. If running fsck doesn’t resolve the issue, you need to reformat the hard disk and reinstall the operating system. This process recreates complete file system structure and also deletes all the data. In such cases, you need to use the recent data backup in order to restore the lost data. But in some cases, data backup can be corrupt or incomplete. To recover data during such circumstances, you can use commercial Data Recovery Linux applications. Linux Recovery software are advanced applications that use advanced scanning procedures to safely recover your lost or inaccessible data. Such software are available with interactive interface together with developed features to assist you.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery offers powerful Data Recovery Linux solutions. It supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems based Linux partitions and volumes. The software can be used with almost all Linux distributions as SlackWare, TurboLinux, SUSE, Mandrake etc. It gets installed on Windows (Windows Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux hard drive should be connected as slave.

Author:-GARRY THOMSON

GCC or GNU Compiler Collection is often the compiler of choice for developing software that is required to execute on a wide variety of hardware. Differences in close compilers lead to difficulties in developing code that will compile correctly on all the compilers and build scripts that will run for all the platforms. It is the key component of GNU tool chain as well as the official compiler of all GNU Linux systems.

GCC's external interface is generally standard for a UNIX compiler. The GCC has been used in a wide variety of computer architectures
, and is extensively deployed as a tool in proprietary, commercial and closed source systems. Now it is the standard compilers for GNU Linux based systems and convert source code to machine code and execute it for booting the systems.

GCC is the most important part of a Linux based computer and is required for successful booting of the system. It happens with some users that when they attempt to start their Linux computer, the GCC might fail to initialize they face the following error message:

“Internal compiler error”

Cause of the problem

It is possible that the GCC is corrupted; buggy or the user has an old version of it. The problem might also occur if the operating system is not able to swap effectively. In any of the above cases the final result is inaccessibility of the data and ultimately the data loss. There is no need to mention the importance of data if it is required for some business.

Solution

To resolve this problem one needs to install a fresh copy of GCC, which is possible by reinstalling the operating system. Though, the operating system reinstallation solves all the issues, but there could be a big threat to our precious data because formatting of the primary partition of your hard drive and it can remove all of the data stored on it.

To handle such a critical situation the user need to perform Linux data recovery to retrieve all of his precious data. The data recovery Linux is possible through powerful Linux recovery software.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is one such powerful and the highly developed data recovery Linux software offered by Stellar Information Systems Ltd. This software is one of the most commanding and is capable of performing Linux recovery in each and every case of data loss.

Author:-ROBIN WATSON

I am fairly new to Linux, specifically Ubuntu, and so far I am loving the "freedom". I decided that since I work on, and with Windows on a daily basis, it would be a great idea to experiment with something new and expand my technical skills. Unfortunately, I was quickly reminded of why I did not continue using a Linux-based operating system a couple of years ago when I first gave it a try. Although I will continue using Ubuntu for learning purposes, here are 5 reasons why Linux will continue to fail for the general, every day user.

1. Open Source - The very reason why I love Linux is the same reason why it never seems to get ahead. Keeping in mind that I have used Windows for over 15 years, I am simply used to certain applications looking and behaving a certain way, and I believe that most people are very opposed to change. Although there are many Linux alternatives to almost any Windows (or Mac) application, the actual problem is that they are not duplicates. A perfect example in my situation was my relying on Microsoft Money for so many years that every time I would attempt to use a different application I was very disappointed. Eventually, I found that KMyMoney is a very suitable alternative with every feature that I was seeking. Although it took me over a week to get used to the new software, it works well.

2. Technical Support - If there is one thing about Linux that there is plenty of, aside from the many distributions, it is technical support. The majority of it is even free. Unfortunately, it is either impossible to find an easy answer to a specific issue, or you have to spend 5 hours finding out that the solution was a simple command that needed to be typed into the terminal. Although the major distributions, such as Red Hat, provide paid support, which I am sure is excellent and will speed up the process of getting an issue resolved, I do not believe in paid Open Source. Technically, the definition of Open Source is not necessarily free because it allows anyone to customize and sell a product, however, the free part is what attracts most switchers to Linux and it can be very disappointing when there is no organized help readily available.

3. Software Installation - For the most part, in Windows (or Mac) you (1) purchase software from your preferred retailer or download it from a website, (2) run the installer, (3) it places a shortcut on your desktop and Start menu, (4) you double click the shortcut, and (5) your program is running. At least in a perfect world that's how it works. I am a technician so I know it is not always that straight forward, however, things get VERY confusing in Linux. Does my distribution use .rpm or .deb packages? Am I using Gnome, KDE, another of the available GUI (Graphical User Interface) or no GUI? Do I need to install via the terminal? Does the software require any dependencies? Will the installation method used be able to install the dependencies? Need I say more? These are just a few of the questions that I forced myself to learn the answers to in order to be a satisfied Linux user.

4. Internet Browsing - I do not feel that this one is as important, but worth mentioning. I am not one who enjoys testing new browsers, so the ones that I have spent a significant amount of time with are limited to Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Opera. My favorite was always Internet Explorer, until I started using Ubuntu. Being that browsers have never been that important to me I started using Firefox and I am now a very big fan due to its many extensions. However, my point is that if most people are like me, they do not have the choice of using Internet Explorer or Safari, and have to settle for whichever browser is available based on the Linux distribution and GUI that they have selected.

5. Your Family - As I previously mentioned I am computer technician. That being said, I love testing new technologies; in this case Ubuntu. This was the perfect real world test as to why Linux will have a difficult time accomplishing its goal. To this day, both my wife and young son (plus my sister) have not stopped complaining expressing their opinion about my Ubuntu installation(s). There is such a great learning curve for the average user that I had to install a VirtualBox with Windows in order to keep them from bad mouthing me. Luckily, we have multiple laptops in our household, including a couple with Windows, so at the end of the day everyone is happy. The Linux way of doing things is so different that it truly requires dedication in order for non-technical users to stick around.

In summary, I honestly understand and appreciate what the Linux community is attempting to accomplish. Unfortunately, I believe that things got a bit out of hand and now there are too many options. The Open Source(ness) has allowed too many hands in the cookie jar that are not allowing overall progress, because once an individual decides that they are interested in this "Linux thing" they immediately become confused and turned away due to the many complications.

Should there be some type of restriction or test regarding who can work on open source software? What do you think? Feel free to post your comments on this topic.

Author:-JUSCELINO ACEVEDO

Boot loaders such as GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader), LILO (Linux Loader) etc. enable you to select to boot a particular operating system in multiboot or dual boot systems. After selecting the operating system (for example Linux), the booting process initially starts with the booting of Linux Kernel program. A Linux Kernel program is the central component of a computer operating system. It requires the corresponding drivers to access the device on which the file system is based. To avoid any conflict due to all imaginable drivers in the kernel, it uses initial ramdisk (intrd). The intrd is the temporary file system, which is mostly used for preparations before the real root file system can be mounted. Problems might occur when intrd gets loaded before Linux Kernel program. In such situations, the hard drive volume becomes un-mountable and the data saved in the hard drive becomes inaccessible. In such situations, you need to recover your data from the latest backup. In case, no backup is available or the backup is corrupted, you need to use efficient Linux Data Recovery applications to recover your lost data files. Consider a practical example, when you attempt to boot Linux operating system, you encounter the below error message: “Must load Linux kernel before initrd” The above error message occurs each time you try to boot the Linux operating systemon your computer. After the above error message appears, the data saved in the Linux volume becomes inaccessible.

Cause: The above error message mainly occurs when the intrd gets loaded before the Linux Kernel program.

Resolution:To resolve the above error and access the data, you need to remove the intrd from your computer. However, if you still encounter an error, then only option left is to access the volume by reinstalling the Linux operating system. A clean reinstall of the operating system will erase all previously stored data in the hard drive. In such scenarios, you need to recover lost data by using effective Linux Data Recovery software. These advanced recovery applications incorporate high-end scanning methods to recover lost data from a logically corrupted hard drive.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery serves the purpose of providing reliable and easy Linux Data Recovery. This read only Linux Recovery software supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive should be connected as slave.

Author:- ROBIN WATSON